Nginx Port and Domain Binding: Easily Achieve Domain Access to the Server
This article explains how to bind ports and domains in Nginx to achieve hosting multiple websites/services on a single server. The core is to distinguish different sites by "port + domain name". Nginx configures virtual hosts through the `server` block, with key directives including `listen` (port), `server_name` (domain name), `root` (file path), and `index` (home page). Prerequisites: The server needs Nginx installed, the domain name should be registered and resolved to a public IP, and the server should be tested to be accessible. Practical cases are divided into two scenarios: 1. The same domain name with different ports (e.g., binding 80 and 443 ports for `www.myblog.com`, with HTTPS certificate required for the latter); 2. Different domain names with different ports (e.g., `www.myblog.com` using port 80, `blog.myblog.com` using port 8080). Configuration files are stored in `/etc/nginx/conf.d/`, and examples should include `listen` and `server_name`. Verification: Execute `nginx -t` to check syntax, use `systemctl restart nginx` to apply changes, and verify access via a browser. Common issues: Configuration errors (check syntax), unapplied domain resolution (wait for DNS or use `nslookup`), port conflicts (change port or ...).
Read MoreCommon Nginx Commands: Essential Start, Stop, Restart, and Configuration Check for Beginners
This article introduces the core commands for Nginx daily management to help beginners get started quickly. There are two ways to start Nginx: using `nginx` for source code installation, and `sudo systemctl start nginx` for system services installed via yum/apt. Verification can be done by `ps aux | grep nginx` or accessing the test page. For stopping, there are quick stop (`nginx -s stop`, which may interrupt ongoing requests) and graceful stop (`nginx -s quit`, recommended, waiting for current requests to complete). The difference lies in whether the service is interrupted. For restarting, there are two methods: reloading the configuration (`nginx -s reload`, essential after configuration changes without interruption) and full restart (`systemctl restart`, which may cause brief interruption). Configuration checks require first verifying syntax with `nginx -t`, then applying changes with `nginx -s reload`. `nginx -T` can display the complete configuration. Common commands for beginners include start/stop, reload, and syntax checking. Note permissions, configuration paths, and log troubleshooting. Mastering these commands enables efficient daily Nginx operation and maintenance.
Read MoreNginx Beginner's Guide: Configuring an Accessible Web Server
### A Beginner's Guide to Nginx Nginx is a high-performance, lightweight web server/reverse proxy, ideal for high-concurrency scenarios. It features low resource consumption, flexible configuration, and ease of use. **Installation**: On mainstream Linux systems (Ubuntu/Debian/CentOS/RHEL), install via `apt` or `dnf`. Start and enable Nginx with `systemctl start/ enable nginx`, then verify with `systemctl status nginx` or by accessing the server's IP address. **Core Configuration**: Configuration files are located in `/etc/nginx/`, where `nginx.conf` is the main configuration file and `conf.d/` stores virtual host configurations. Create a website directory (e.g., `/var/www/html`), write an `index.html` file, and add a `server` block in `conf.d/` (specifying port 80 listening and the website directory). **Testing & Management**: After modifying configurations, use `nginx -t` to check syntax and `systemctl reload` to apply changes. Ensure port 80 is open (firewall settings) and file permissions are correct for testing access. Common commands include `start/stop/restart/reload nginx` and status checks. **Summary**
Read MoreNginx Dynamic and Static Content Separation: Speed Up and Stabilize Your Website Loading
Nginx static-dynamic separation separates static resources (images, CSS, JS, etc.) from dynamic resources (PHP, APIs, etc.). Nginx focuses on quickly returning static resources, while backend servers handle dynamic requests. This approach can improve page loading speed, reduce backend pressure, and enhance scalability (static resources can be deployed on CDNs, and dynamic requests can use load balancing). The core of implementation is distinguishing requests using Nginx's `location` directive: static resources (e.g., `.jpg`, `.js`) are directly returned using the `root` directive with specified paths; dynamic requests (e.g., `.php`) are forwarded to the backend (e.g., PHP-FPM) via `fastcgi_pass` or similar. In practice, within the `server` block of the Nginx configuration file, use `~*` to match static suffixes and set paths, and `~` to match dynamic requests and forward them to the backend. After verification, restart Nginx to apply the changes and optimize website performance.
Read MoreIntroduction to Nginx Caching: Practical Tips for Improving Website Access Speed
Nginx caching temporarily stores frequently accessed content to "trade space for time," enhancing access speed, reducing backend pressure, and saving bandwidth. It mainly includes two types: proxy caching (for static resources in reverse proxy scenarios, with origin requests to the backend) and web caching (HTTP caching, relying on the backend `Cache-Control` headers for browser local caching). Dynamic content and frequently changing content (e.g., user information, real-time data) are not recommended for caching. Configuring proxy caching requires defining paths (e.g., `proxy_cache_path`) and parameters (e.g., cache size, key rules), enabling them in `location` (e.g., `proxy_cache my_cache`), and restarting Nginx after verifying the configuration. Management involves checking cache status (logging `HIT/MISS`), clearing caches (manually deleting cache files or using the `ngx_cache_purge` module), and optimization (caching only static resources, setting `max-age` reasonably). Common issues: For cache misses, check configuration, backend headers, or permissions; for stale content, verify `Cache-Control` headers. Key points: Cache only static content, monitor hit status via logs, and prohibit caching dynamic content.
Read MoreConfiguring HTTPS in Nginx: A Step-by-Step Guide to Achieving Secure Website Access
This article introduces the necessity and practical methods of configuring HTTPS for websites. HTTPS ensures data transmission security through SSL/TLS encryption, preventing user information from being stolen. It also improves search engine rankings and user trust (since browser "insecure" prompts can affect experience), making it an essential configuration for modern websites. The core of configuration is using Let's Encrypt free certificates (obtained via the Certbot tool). On Ubuntu/Debian systems, execute `apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx` to install Certbot and the Nginx plugin. Then, use `certbot --nginx -d example.com -d www.example.com` to obtain the certificate by specifying the domain name. Certbot will automatically configure Nginx (listening on port 443, setting SSL certificate paths, and redirecting HTTP to HTTPS). Verification methods include checking certificate status (`certbot certificates`) and accessing the HTTPS site via a browser to check the small lock icon. It is important to note certificate path, permissions, and firewall port configurations. Let's Encrypt certificates auto-renew every 90 days, which can be tested with `certbot renew --dry-run`. In summary, HTTPS configuration is simple and can enhance security, SEO, and user experience, making it an essential skill for modern websites.
Read MoreNginx Virtual Hosts: Deploying Multiple Websites on a Single Server
This article introduces the Nginx virtual host feature, which allows a single server to host multiple websites, thereby reducing costs. The core is to simulate multiple virtual servers through technology. There are three implementation methods in Nginx: domain name-based (the most common, where different domains correspond to different websites), port-based (distinguished by different ports, suitable for scenarios without additional domains), and IP-based (for servers with multiple IPs, where different IPs correspond to different websites). Before configuration, Nginx needs to be installed, website content prepared (e.g., directories `/var/www/site1` and `/var/www/site2` with homepages), and domain name resolution or test domains (optional) should be ensured. Taking the domain name-based method as an example, the steps are: create the configuration file `/etc/nginx/sites-available/site1.com`, write a `server` block (listening on port 80, matching the domain name, specifying the root directory), configure the second website similarly, create a soft link to `sites-enabled`, test with `nginx -t`, and restart Nginx. For other methods: the port-based method requires specifying a different port (e.g., 8080) in the `server` block; the IP-based method requires the server to bind multiple IPs, with the `listen` directive in the configuration file specifying the IP and port. Common issues include permissions, configuration errors, and domain name resolution, which require checking directory permissions, syntax, and confirming that the domain name points to the server's IP. In summary, Nginx's virtual host feature is a cost-effective solution for hosting multiple websites on a single server, with flexible configuration options based on domain names, ports, or IPs to meet various deployment needs.
Read MoreNginx Static Resource Service: Rapid Setup for Image/File Access
Nginx is suitable for hosting static resources such as images and CSS due to its high performance, lightness, stability, and strong concurrency capabilities, which enhances access speed and saves server resources. For installation, run `sudo apt install nginx` on Ubuntu/Debian and `sudo yum install nginx` on CentOS/RHEL. After startup, access `localhost` to verify. For core configuration, create `static.conf` in `/etc/nginx/conf.d/`. Example: Listen on port 80, use `location` to match paths (e.g., `/images/` and `/files/`), specify the resource root directory with `root`, and enable directory browsing with `autoindex on` (with options to set size and time display). During testing, create `images` and `files` directories under `/var/www/static`, place files in them, run `nginx -t` to check configuration, and reload Nginx with `systemctl reload nginx` to apply changes. Then test access via `localhost/images/xxx.jpg` or `localhost/files/xxx.pdf`. Key considerations include Nginx user permissions and configuration reload effectiveness. Setting up Nginx for static resource service is simple, with core configuration paths and directory browsing functionality, ideal for rapid static resource hosting. It can be extended with features like image compression and anti-leeching.
Read MoreNginx Load Balancing: Simple Configuration for Multi-Server Traffic Distribution
This article introduces Nginx load balancing configuration to solve the problem of excessive load on a single server. At least two backend servers running the same service are required, with Nginx installed and the backend ports open. The core configuration consists of two steps: first, define the backend server group using `upstream` (supporting round-robin, weight, and health checks, e.g., `server 192.168.1.100:8080 weight=2;` or `max_fails=2 fail_timeout=10s`); second, configure `proxy_pass` to this group in the `server` block, passing the client's `Host` and real IP (`proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;`). Verification involves running `nginx -t` to check syntax, `nginx -s reload` to restart, and testing access to confirm request distribution. Common issues such as unresponsive backends or configuration errors can be resolved by checking firewalls and logs. Advanced strategies include IP hashing (`ip_hash`) and URL hashing (requires additional module).
Read MoreIntroduction to Nginx Reverse Proxy: Easily Achieve Frontend-Backend Separation
In a web front-end and back-end separation architecture, Nginx reverse proxy can solve problems such as cross-origin issues, complex domain name management, and back-end exposure. The reverse proxy acts as an intermediary server, so users access the back-end real service by visiting Nginx, which is transparent to users. When front-end and back-end are separated, reverse proxy can unify domain names (users only need to remember one domain name), hide the back-end address (enhancing security), and distribute requests by path (e.g., `/` for the front-end and `/api` for the back-end). Nginx is simple to install (Ubuntu uses `apt install nginx`, CentOS uses `yum install nginx`). The core of configuration is the `location` block: the front-end static files use `root` and `index` to point to the front-end directory, while the back-end API uses `proxy_pass` to forward to the real address, with `proxy_set_header` to pass header information. In practice, place the front-end files in the Nginx directory. After the back-end service is started, use `location` to distinguish paths. Nginx intercepts requests and forwards them, allowing users to complete front-end and back-end interaction by accessing a single domain name. Reverse proxy also supports extended functions such as load balancing and caching, making it a key tool in front-end and back-end separation architectures.
Read MoreDetailed Explanation of Nginx Configuration Files: Server Block and Location for Beginners
The core of Nginx configuration lies in Server blocks (virtual hosts) and location blocks (path distribution). The main configuration file (nginx.conf) includes the global context (with directives like worker_processes), the events context (with worker_connections), and the http context (which contains multiple Server blocks). A Server block defines a website using directives such as listen (port), server_name (domain name), root (root directory), and index (homepage). Location blocks match requests based on paths, supporting prefix, exact, regular expression, and other types, with priority order: exact match > prefix with ^~ > ordinary prefix > regular expression > default. After configuration, use `nginx -t` to verify syntax and `nginx -s reload` to apply changes. After mastering basic configurations (port, domain name, static path), beginners can progressively learn advanced features like dynamic request forwarding and caching.
Read MoreLearn Nginx from Scratch: A Step-by-Step Guide to Installation and Startup
This article introduces the basics of learning Nginx, emphasizing its lightweight, efficient, and flexible configuration, making it suitable for web server setup. The content includes: Nginx supports Windows and Linux systems. Installation is explained using Ubuntu/Debian and CentOS/RHEL as examples: for Ubuntu, run `apt update` followed by `apt install nginx`; for CentOS, first install the EPEL repository and then use `yum install nginx`. After starting with `systemctl start nginx`, access `localhost` to verify a successful default welcome page display. The core configuration files are located in `/etc/nginx/`, where the `default` configuration file defines listening on port 80, the root directory `/var/www/html`, etc. Common commands include starting/stopping, reloading, and syntax checking. It also mentions common troubleshooting (port conflicts, configuration errors) and methods for customizing the homepage. For Windows installation, download, extract, and start via command line. Finally, it encourages hands-on practice to master advanced features.
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